For families looking to fund education costs in a tax-efficient manner, 529 college savings plans remain one of the most powerful tools available. While each state sponsors its own plan and details vary widely, the core concept is consistent. A 529 plan is a tax-advantaged account that allows families to invest money for qualified education expenses, such as college tuition, fees, and in many cases K–12 tuition. Because 529 plans are run at the state level, investors should understand not only the federal rules but also the specific features of the plan they are considering. Below we review the main attributes of 529 plans and explain what they mean for investors. Key Attributes of 529 Plans Fees Every 529 plan charges administrative and investment management fees. These can range from very low (often under 0.25% annually for passively managed portfolios) to much higher if using actively managed funds or advisor-sold plans. Fees directly impact returns, so understanding the cost structure is essential. State Tax Deduction or Credit Many states offer residents a state income tax deduction or credit for contributions. For example, New York offers